Health News, Wellness Tips, Healthy Foods And Nutrition Guide

Vitamin B12 Tablets in Pakistan

Vitamin B12 tablets are a common form of B12 supplement in Pakistan. They are typically taken orally and can be found in various strengths and formulations, such as chewable tablets, sublingual tablets, and capsules. They are often used to treat and prevent vitamin B12 deficiencies.

Vitamin B12 tablets in Pakistan are available in different forms, such as cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, and methylcobalamin, each with its own characteristics.

Cyanocobalamin is the most common form found in supplements, it is the cheapest and most stable form of B12, but the body must convert it to the active forms of B12, methylcobalamin, and adenosylcobalamin.

Methylcobalamin is a form of B12 that is already active and does not require conversion, it’s considered more effective for nerve-related issues.

Hydroxocobalamin is considered the best form for B12 deficiency treatment.

Vitamin B12 Tablets Price in Pakistan

The minimum price of Vitamin B12 tablets in Pakistan is Rs. 800 and the estimated average price is Rs. 2500 for 100 tablets. Nutrifactor’s Vitamin B12 tablets price in Pakistan is Rs. 850 for 60 tablets. Buy online B12 in Pakistan

Natural Source of Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12 is found naturally in animal products, including fish, meat, poultry, eggs, and dairy products. Vegetarians and vegans may be at risk for a deficiency, as their diet may not contain enough B12. Some fortified foods and supplements are available that can provide B12 for people who do not consume enough from their diet. It’s important to have a healthy and balanced diet, and for those who might be at risk for a deficiency, it’s a good idea to speak with a doctor or a dietitian about whether a B12 supplement may be necessary.

Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Symptoms:

Vitamin B12 deficiency is a condition that occurs when there is not enough vitamin B12 in the body. This can happen for a number of reasons, including poor dietary intake, malabsorption issues, or certain medical conditions. A deficiency can lead to a wide range of symptoms and can have serious health consequences if left untreated.

Symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency can include:

Fatigue
Weakness
Constipation
Loss of appetite
Weight loss
Nerve damage (numbness, tingling, or pain in the hands and feet)
Anemia (a decrease in red blood cells)
Depression
Confusion
Dementia
Balance problems

Certain groups of people may be at a higher risk of developing a vitamin B12 deficiency, including:

Vegetarians and vegans
People with pernicious anemia (an autoimmune disorder that affects the stomach’s ability to absorb vitamin B12)
People who have had weight-loss surgery
People who have had gastrointestinal surgery
People with certain medical conditions, such as Crohn’s disease or celiac disease
People who take certain medications, such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and metformin

Vitamin B12 Tablets Benefits

Vitamin B12 tablets are a common form of B12 supplement that can provide many benefits for overall health. Some of the main benefits of vitamin B12 tablets include:

Treating and preventing vitamin B12 deficiency: Vitamin B12 tablets can be used to treat and prevent vitamin B12 deficiency, which can cause a wide range of symptoms, including fatigue, weakness, constipation, loss of appetite, weight loss, nerve damage, and anemia.

Improving cognitive function and preventing memory loss: Vitamin B12 is important for maintaining cognitive function and preventing memory loss. It also helps to prevent depression and anxiety.

Supporting cardiovascular health: B12 may have a protective effect on the cardiovascular system by helping to lower levels of homocysteine, an amino acid that has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease.

Supporting Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Vitamin B12 is important for the healthy development of a fetus and may also be beneficial for breastfeeding mothers.

Supporting Vegetarian and Vegan diet: It is not produced by plants or animals, but only by bacteria and archaea. Vegetarians and vegans may be at risk for a deficiency, as their diet may not contain enough B12, and taking B12 supplements may be necessary for them.

Vitamin b12 Uses

Some of the main uses of vitamin B12 include:

Blood formation: Vitamin B12 is essential for the production of red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body. A deficiency in B12 can lead to anemia, a condition where the body doesn’t have enough red blood cells.

Nervous system function: Vitamin B12 is important for the proper functioning of the nervous system. It helps to maintain the protective covering of nerve cells, called the myelin sheath, and is necessary for the production of neurotransmitters, which are chemicals that transmit signals in the brain and nervous system.

DNA synthesis: B12 is necessary for the metabolism of every cell in the body and plays a key role in DNA synthesis, the process by which cells create copies of their genetic material.

Brain health: Vitamin B12 is important for maintaining cognitive function and preventing memory loss. It also helps to prevent depression and anxiety.

Cardiovascular health: B12 may have a protective effect on the cardiovascular system by helping to lower levels of homocysteine, an amino acid that has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease.

Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Vitamin B12 is important for the healthy development of a fetus and may also be beneficial for breastfeeding mothers.

Vegetarian and Vegan diet: Vitamin B12 is not produced by plants or animals, but only by bacteria and archaea. Vegetarians and vegans may be at risk for a deficiency, as their diet may not contain enough B12, and taking B12 supplements may be necessary for them.

Vitamin B12 FAQs

What are the best sources of vitamin B12?

Natural sources of vitamin B12 include animal-derived foods such as fish, meat, poultry, eggs, and dairy products. Vegetarians and vegans may be at risk for a deficiency, as their diet may not contain enough B12, and fortified foods and supplements are available that can provide B12 for people who do not consume enough from their diet.

What are the symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency?

Symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency can include fatigue, weakness, constipation, loss of appetite, weight loss, nerve damage, anemia, depression, confusion, dementia, and balance problems.

Who is at risk for vitamin B12 deficiency?

Certain groups of people may be at a higher risk of developing a vitamin B12 deficiency, including vegetarians and vegans, people with pernicious anemia, people who have had weight-loss surgery, people who have had gastrointestinal surgery, people with certain medical conditions, people who take certain medications.

How is vitamin B12 deficiency treated?

A healthcare professional may order a blood test to check your vitamin B12 levels and may recommend a vitamin B12 supplement or other treatment, such as vitamin B12 injections, to treat deficiency.

How much vitamin B12 do I need per day?

The amount of vitamin B12 you need per day depends on your age and life stage. The recommended daily allowances (RDAs) for vitamin B12 are as follows:

Infants 0-6 months: 0.4 micrograms
Infants 7-12 months: 0.5 micrograms
Children 1-3 years: 0.9 micrograms
Children 4-8 years: 1.2 micrograms
Children 9-13 years: 1.8 micrograms
Adolescents 14-18 years: 2.4 micrograms
Adults 19 years and older: 2.4 micrograms
Pregnant and breastfeeding women: 2.6 micrograms and 2.8 micrograms, respectively

Can you overdose on vitamin B12?

Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin, meaning that any excess is excreted by the body, so the risk of overdose is very low.

How many months of vitamin B12 should I take?

The duration of time for which you should take vitamin B12 supplements depends on the reason why you are taking them. If you have been diagnosed with a deficiency, your healthcare provider will likely recommend that you take the supplement for several months to bring your levels back to normal. The treatment duration may vary depending on the severity of the deficiency, the underlying cause of the deficiency, and the type of B12 supplement you are taking.

For instance, if you have pernicious anemia, a type of B12 deficiency caused by an inability to absorb the vitamin, you may need to take B12 supplements for the rest of your life. Also, if you are a vegetarian or vegan, or if you are at risk for deficiency due to other factors such as age, you may need to take a B12 supplement for an extended period of time.

Which tablet is best for vitamin B12?

There are several different forms of vitamin B12 tablets available, each with its own characteristics. The most common forms of B12 found in supplements are cyanocobalamin, methylcobalamin, and hydroxocobalamin.

Methylcobalamin is a form of B12 that is already active and does not require conversion, it’s considered more effective for nerve-related issues.

Hydroxocobalamin is considered the best form for B12 deficiency treatment, it’s the form that is used for B12 injection and it’s considered more effective for people with pernicious anemia, a condition that affects the absorption of vitamin B12.

It’s important to note that these are the recommended daily amounts, individual needs may vary depending on health conditions, lifestyle, and other factors. It’s always best to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any supplement regimen, they will recommend the most appropriate dosage based on your specific needs and condition.

Health News, Wellness Tips, Healthy Foods and Nutrition Guide

Abdominal Bloating and Belching Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

January 2, 2024January 9, 2024 - by Usman Chaudhry

WHAT IS ABDOMINAL BLOATING?

Each and every one of us have felt it and been through it – the feeling of fullness, increased burping, indigestion, and heartburn, coupled with severe discomfort and uneasiness. All these symptoms point towards abdominal bloating. It occurs mostly when there is an excessive accumulation of gas or fluid within the abdominal cavity.

Eating too much fast food, which does not get digested easily, can lead up to abdominal bloating and belching. It is quite a common phenomenon, occurs with every person occasionally. However, in some cases, it could be a symptom of an underlying medical condition, which may need urgent attention.

Bloated Stomach Causes:

There are multiple causes of abdominal bloating– some are natural, physical processes while others are more serious.

Acid Reflux (GERD) or Heartburn
Mental health causes – depression, anxiety and stress
Gas accumulation
Unhealthy, unbalanced diet
Acute or chronic constipation
Inadequate drinking water consumption
Excessive use of fizzy drinks and caffeinated beverages
Eating disorders like anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa
Hormonal changes, especially in women
Pre-menstrual syndrome
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Inflammatory Bowel Disorder – Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease
Giardiasis, or any worm infestation
Aerophagia- a nervous habit which makes the person swallow more air than they should.
Lactose intolerance
Celiac disease – gluten sensitivity
Certain medications
Serious illnesses which cause ascites- like chronic liver disease, congestive heart failure, renal failure and pulmonary edema.
Diverticulosis
Partial bowel obstruction
Perforated abdomen/bowel – a medical emergency

Treatment:

Occasional abdominal bloating can easily be prevented and treated. However, if abdominal bloating persists, worsens or becomes chronic, it is advised to visit a doctor as soon as possible. There are certain things which can be done to manage and treat bloated stomach:

Read Also: Constipation: Causes, Medicine and Relief with Home Remedies

Change your lifestyle – improving your lifestyle and changing it from sedentary to active, can make a huge difference. Start taking a walk daily or hit the gym and slowly build up a smart exercise routine.

A balanced diet: Avoiding fast food, fatty, and spicy food, and greasy meals can help prevent bloating. Take your last meal four hours before going to bed. Incorporate more fiber as in vegetables and fruits into your diet and limit portions of carbohydrates and proteins. Avoid packaged and processed food. Also, eat at regular intervals and take small meals with adequate gaps.

Cut out sugar and fizzy drinks: By stopping the use of fizzy drinks in your diet, you will see a marked decrease in bloating in just three days to one week. Keeping your sugar intake low will also benefit you.

Gluten-free or lactose-free diet: For every person who has celiac disease or lactose intolerance, cutting out the triggering factors from their diet will immediately bring their bowels relief and prevent abdominal bloating. Nowadays, lactose-free and gluten-free foods are easily available in most places.

Drink plenty of water: Water makes up 60% of your body weight. It helps to improve digestion and prevents abdominal bloating.

Over the counter medicines: Certain over-the-counter gas relief capsules and syrups are easily available, which can provide instant relief. However, it is advised to consult a doctor first before ingesting any medicines on your own.

Rule out medical conditions: If abdominal bloating persists, do visit a doctor to get a full checkup done. It is always better to rule out any medical causes, just to be on the safe side.

Conclusion:

Abdominal bloating is mostly a harmless symptom of overeating, being lazy and living a bad lifestyle. It is only a nuisance due to the discomfort and uneasiness it causes to people. Otherwise, it usually goes away on its own unless there is a serious, underlying medical condition.

Constipation / Health News, Wellness Tips, Healthy Foods and Nutrition Guide

Constipation Causes, Immediate Relief with Home Remedies

May 20, 2023January 9, 2024 - by Usman Chaudhry

Constipation Causes, Immediate Relief with Home Remedies

Constipation refers to the digestive state of inefficiently passing stools due to hardened feces. It is usually when three or less than three stools are passed during a week. Normally, every person’s digestive system varies, and the basal metabolic rate is different as well.

Some individuals’ digestive tracts work faster while others have slower digestion rates. Constipation is not serious if it occurs occasionally, but if any person has recurrent or chronic constipation, it might lead to unwanted complications or may even be a sign of an underlying disease.

Constipation Causes:

There are multiple causes of constipation.

Unbalanced Diet:

The most common cause of constipation is an unbalanced diet, especially one which is made upon low fiber content. Fiber is naturally found in all kinds of fruits and vegetables and in other sources like cereals and bread. Eating too much dairy is also linked to causing constipation.

Read Also: Abdominal Bloating and Belching Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Low Water intake:

Due to low water content in your diet, the stool hardens up, making it difficult to evacuate the bowels. Water makes up around 70% of your body weight and is necessary for all vital metabolic functions. An adult should consume around 2-3 Liters of water per day, at least.

Lack of exercise or physical activity:

An inactive lifestyle, where there is more of sitting and lying down and less of walking or working out, constipation is bound to develop. Ac active lifestyle keeps all the body’s systems actively running and promotes healthy digestion.

Resisting the Urge to Pass Stool:

Sometimes, you are unable to find the time or a decent place to pass stool. For this reason, people tend to resist their urge to pass stool and this increases stool buildup and increased water absorption from the feces, making it harder. The harder the stool, the more difficult it becomes to pass.

Depression or Anxiety:

Any person with mental illnesses like depression or anxiety problems tends to have constipation more frequently. The mind’s health state has a very important impact on the body’s systems.

Side Effects of Medications:

Some people might be prescribed medicines like anti-depressants or narcotics, or even iron and calcium supplements. These have side effects like constipation.

Underlying Medical conditions:

Constipation is also a sign of underlying medical diseases. These diseases or conditions include stroke, diabetes, irritable bowel syndrome, diverticulosis, hypothyroidism, Parkinson’s disease, colon cancer, multiple sclerosis, etc.

Constipation Treatment:

Acute constipation can be treated by several home remedies and by making certain changes in your diet and lifestyle.

Increase your daily water intake.
Eat high-fiber foods such as fruits, vegetables, cereals.
Incorporate caffeine into your diet – tea or coffee.
Workout, walk or exercise more during the day. Change your sedentary lifestyle into an active one.
Limit the consumption of dairy products in your diet.
Do not ignore your bowel urgencies.
Over the counter, laxatives can be taken. Specific syrups and tablets are prescribed for constipation too. It’s best to visit a doctor before starting any medicine on your own.
Ginger juice and Ispaghol Husk are commonly used home remedies for constipation.

Conclusion

If your constipation gets relieved easily, changes in diet and lifestyle can help you avoid the condition in the future. However, if your constipation is chronic and occurs a lot more frequently, set an appointment and visit the doctor, as it may be a serious problem.

Health News, Wellness Tips, Healthy Foods and Nutrition Guide / Kidney

Acute Kidney Failure: Causes, Types, Symptoms, and Treatment

March 26, 2023January 9, 2024 - by Usman Chaudhry

Acute Kidney Failure: Causes, Types, Symptoms, and Treatment

Introduction

Kidney failure occurs when both your kidneys shut down and fail to perform their function of filtering out waste products from your body. The most common waste product is urea, which, if not excreted, accumulates and causes damage to multiple organs in the body. Kidney failure is a highly serious end-stage kidney disease and can be of two types – Acute Kidney Failure or Chronic Kidney Failure.

Acute Kidney Failure:

Acute kidney failure (also known as Acute Kidney Injury or Acute Renal Failure) usually occurs when a sudden decline in the kidney’s normal functions is seen over seven days or less. Since this is an acute event with a sudden onset, it can easily be reversed with urgent, vigorous management.

Read Also: Frequent Urination Causes

AKI Causes:

These can be divided into three categories:

Pre-Renal Causes:

Hypotension
Decreased Cardiac Output
Ascites (fluid build-up in the abdominal cavity), edema, hypoalbuminemia
Hypovolemia
Congestive Heart Failure
Liver Failure
Burns, dehydration, hemorrhage
Myocardial Infarction
Shock (anaphylactic or septic)
Renal Vein Thrombosis/obstruction

Intra-Renal Causes:

Injury to kidneys by trauma or drugs
Infections
Allergies to drugs
Toxins damage the glomeruli (cells of the kidney)
Glomerular Disease (IgA nephropathy, nephritic or nephrotic syndrome)
Infiltration by tumors
Hepato-renal syndrome
Ischemia (reduced blood supply)

Post-Renal Causes:

Bladder outlet obstruction
The enlarged prostate gland in males
Kidney Stones
Bladder tumor or injury

AKI Signs and Symptoms:

Decreased Urinary Output
Fatigue and weakness
Loss of Appetite
Nausea and Vomiting
Headache, drowsiness, Seizures
Increased Fluid Accumulation causing peripheral edema
Shortness of breath/ Pulmonary Edema
Cardiac arrhythmia/ tamponade

Chronic Kidney Failure

Chronic Kidney Failure, more commonly known as Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), occurs over months to years and is basically a gradual decline in kidney function. It is a chronic process and the damage done is mostly irreversible.

Causes of CKD:

Diabetes
Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
Polycystic Kidney Disease
Glomerulonephritis
Diseases of the heart or lungs
Cancers
Autoimmune disorders
Obstruction of the urinary tract

Signs and Symptoms of CKD:

Initially, polyuria (increased urination) followed by oliguria (decreased urinary Output)
Fatigue and weakness
Generalized Itching
Headaches
Nausea and Vomiting
Uremic fetor (ammonia breath odor)
Uremic frost
Increased urination at night
Edema
Muscle cramps and restless legs syndrome
Behavioral changes- depression
Anemia
Dry, flaky skin
Shortness of breath, coughing with thick sputum
Metallic taste
Gum or mouth ulcers

General Diagnosis

Urine Analysis
Full Blood Count
Renal Panel – urea, creatinine, BUN, and electrolyte levels
Albumin levels
Renal Ultrasound or CT scan
Catheterization – Urinary Input and Output Monitoring
Kidney Biopsy

Acute Kidney Injury:

Manage and treat all Acute complications like fluid overload, hyperkalemia, acidosis, etc)
Catheterize patient to measure urine input and output very strictly
Treat the causes
Correction of fluids intravenously
Monitor and control blood pressure
Stop and avoid all offending agents like drugs or allergens
Renal Replacement Therapy – Hemodialysis

Chronic Kidney Disease:

Ace Inhibitor drugs or ARBs for managing and controlling blood pressure.
Control blood sugar levels
Low protein and low salt diet advised
Calcitriol and Erythropoietin levels monitoring and replacement
Treat anemia with iron supplementation
Manage and treat all complications like malnutrition, anemia, bone disease, electrolyte and acid imbalance, any cardiovascular complications and hyperparathyroidism, etc
Renal replacement therapy – dialysis
Renal transplant- the last resort.

Conclusion

Kidney Failure is one such condition that can not be taken lightly due to its major complications if not treated in time. Acute Kidney failure is fairly reversible but chronic kidney disease causes permanent damage. It is always ideal to go to the Emergency Department of your nearest hospital if any of the alarming signs and symptoms of kidney failure start to appear. Early intervention is preferred for such a serious condition.

Health News, Wellness Tips, Healthy Foods and Nutrition Guide

What are Hemorrhoids? Piles Causes, Types, Symptoms, and Treatment

January 24, 2023January 9, 2024 - by Usman Chaudhry

What are Hemorrhoids? Piles Causes, Types, Symptoms, and Treatment

Any person who develops rectal bleeding could have a medical condition called Hemorrhoids or Piles. Hemorrhoids are basically dilated or swollen veins in the anal or rectal region. They are one of the most common anal pathologies these days and can happen to any age group. Usually, they present with painless, per rectal bleeding while defecating and the blood is mostly bright red in color.

Causes of Hemorrhoids:

There are many causes of hemorrhoids. The most important risk factor is prolonged or chronic constipation. Not just constipation, if anybody has irregular bowel habits, with frequently alternating diarrhea or constipation, they are more likely prone to developing piles.

Other factors include a low fiber diet, which also adds to constipation. Any causes of increased intra-abdominal pressure could also lead to the development of piles. Such conditions include ascites (fluid buildup in the abdominal cavity), obesity, prolonged straining or sitting, pregnancy or any intra-abdominal mass.

Even a chronic cough, which is left neglected and untreated, it can cause straining and lead to the formation of piles. Women who have are major multi-paras (those who have had multiple natural childbirths) tend to have weakened pelvic floor muscles and they can easily develop piles as well.

Piles Treatment with Home Remedy

Types of Hemorrhoids:

Internal Hemorrhoids:

These tend to remain inside the rectum and anal canal and do not come out of the anal opening.

External Hemorrhoids:

These are always found outside the anal opening. They usually protrude out and can be felt or palpated easily. If they get infected or if their blood supply diminishes, they can become thrombosed, which is an extremely painful condition.

According to the grading system introduced in 1985, there are four main degrees of hemorrhoids:

1. 1st Degree Hemorrhoid: Only blood vessels are prominently visible and there is no evident prolapse.

2. 2nd Degree Hemorrhoid: On bearing down, hemorrhoid can prolapse out but spontaneously reduces on its own.

3. 3rd Degree Hemorrhoid: On bearing down, hemorrhoid prolapses out but does not go back in spontaneously. It must be manually reduced.

4. 4th Degree Hemorrhoid: The hemorrhoid is fully prolapsed and cannot be reduced at all, spontaneously or manually.

Hemorrhoid Symptoms:

Hemorrhoids can usually be diagnosed by clinical examination by a physician. The doctor may also perform a digital rectal exam and may do a proctoscopy as well. Treatment is of two types, either conservative and non-surgical or surgical.

Piles Treatment

For conservative management, a high fiber diet is highly recommended which composes of an increased amount of healthy greens along with increased water intake.

For pain relief, oral painkillers can be taken, or a warm water bath called the Sitz bath is advised, in which the affected area should be submerged in warm water for fifteen mins, thrice a day. Over-the-counter hemorrhoid creams containing hydrocortisone can be applied as well. Hygiene should be well taken care of.

Minimally invasive procedures include:

* Rubber Band Ligation – Hemorrhoid’s base is tied by rubber bands, which reduces the blood supply, causing hemorrhoids to wither and fall off in a week.

* Injection Sclerotherapy – A chemical solution is injected into the pile, causing it to shrink.

* Infrared/ Laser/ Bipolar Coagulation – The hemorrhoid is burned off or coagulated using laser beams.

Surgical options include hemorrhoidectomy which is the complete removal of hemorrhoid and stapled hemorrhoidopexy in which the hemorrhoid is stapled off. The former is more effective and has a very less of a chance of recurrence compared to the stapling method.

Health News, Wellness Tips, Healthy Foods and Nutrition Guide

Nocturia: Frequent Urination Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

June 21, 2022January 9, 2024 - by Usman Chaudhry

Frequent urination refers to urinating more than normal per day. If there is an abnormal increase in the amount of urine one passes at a time, it is known as Polyuria. If a person regularly goes to the restroom to urinate 4-8 times a day but has recently been going for more times than the usual, it will be considered as frequent urination.

Nocturia is a form of frequent urination, but it only applies to a specific time of the whole day’s 24 hours, which is the night time. If any individual wakes up to urinate once normally at night but has recently been waking up quite more frequently, it will be considered as nocturia.

Frequent urination is not a disease but a symptom pointing to an underlying problem or condition. There are various normal physiological conditions in which urination frequency increases, along with a number of abnormal, pathological conditions and diseases.

Causes:

The most common causes of frequent urination include:

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): UTIs are far more common than you think. One can easily contract UTIs, especially from frequently using public restrooms and not taking care of personal hygiene. Usually, there is a bacterial causative organism, which causes infection and inflammation of the bladder. Hence, this reduces the bladder’s capability to hold more urine.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM): The incidence of developing Diabetes Mellitus, an endocrine disorder, has fairly increased in the past few decades. In DM, excessive sugar buildup in the blood gets excreted via your kidneys, drawing out more fluids from your tissues along with it. This causes increased urinary frequency and increases thirst.

Pregnancy: Pregnancy is a normal physiological condition, in which the growing baby takes up more and more space, eventually putting a lot of pressure on the bladder. This leads to increased urinary frequency in pregnant women.

Diuretics: Diuretics are medicines which draw out excess water and fluids from your body by excreting it in the urine. These are prescribed in special conditions like Hypertension, Congestive Cardiac Failure, Liver disease, and even Kidney disease.

Stroke: A person who has experienced stroke may have nerve damage. If the damaged nerves are the ones controlling bladder function, it may lead to frequent urination and even urinary incontinence (which is uncontrolled urinary leakage).

Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH): This condition is selective for males only as over time, with age, the prostate gland in a male, may increase in size, putting pressure on the bladder. This leads to increased urinary frequency and even incontinence.

Excessive use of Caffeine or Alcohol: Caffeinated drinks and alcohol tend to make people urinate more often as caffeine has a similar effect like that of a diuretic.

Anxiety: Anxiety is a fairly common cause of increased urinary frequency as well as people who get anxiety more often, tend to urinate more frequently.

Interstitial Cystitis: This is referred to inflammation of the bladder wall, which is a serious infection. It causes frequent urination too.

Bladder or Kidney Stones: Any bladder or kidney stones can also cause increased urinary frequency.

Pelvic Mass or Bladder Tumor: The large tumor size can have a mass effect on the bladder by putting more pressure, which increases the need to urinate more than usual per day.

Diagnosis:

If you are experiencing increased urinary frequency, visiting a doctor may be the best next step. A detailed history will be taken, including any kind of diuretics you may be taking. The following investigations are conducted:

Urine analysis – to identify any infection or problem in the urine
Kidney function tests – to identify any kidney disease
Ultrasound or CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis, to visualize any kidney or bladder disease, including stones and tumors.
Urine culture and sensitivity test – to identify the bacteria causing UTI.
Neurological tests to identify nerve dysfunction.
Urodynamic tests- to detect bladder function abnormalities.

Treatment:

Reduce the consumption of caffeine or alcohol
Increase water intake
Treat the underlying cause – antibiotics for the infection.
Surgical intervention for any tumors or masses
Monitor and control Blood pressure and blood glucose levels.
Ask your doctor to alter your medications if you have been taking heavy diuretics.
Bladder training exercises, as advised by your doctor
Increased personal hygiene and care.

Frequent urination is just a symptom and could be the cause of any underlying problem. If you are greatly troubled and the routine is getting seriously affected due to your worsening symptoms, you are advised to immediately visit your physician for a full checkup.